{"id":5309,"date":"2013-09-26T03:41:35","date_gmt":"2013-09-25T18:41:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/katukawa.com\/?p=5309"},"modified":"2013-09-26T12:05:42","modified_gmt":"2013-09-26T03:05:42","slug":"%ef%bd%82%ef%bd%82%ef%bd%83%e3%81%ae%e6%b0%b4%e7%94%a3%e8%b3%87%e6%ba%90%e7%ae%a1%e7%90%86%e3%81%ae%e8%a8%98%e4%ba%8b%e3%81%af%e3%81%aa%e3%81%8b%e3%81%aa%e3%81%8b%e3%83%ac%e3%83%99%e3%83%ab%e3%81%8c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/katukawa.com\/?p=5309","title":{"rendered":"\u6c34\u7523\u696d\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u4e16\u754c\u306e\u5e38\u8b58\u3068\u65e5\u672c\u306e\u975e\u5e38\u8b58"},"content":{"rendered":"

\uff22\uff22\uff23\u306b\u6c34\u7523\u8cc7\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u304c\u63b2\u8f09\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002\u306a\u304b\u306a\u304b\u9762\u767d\u3044\u8a18\u4e8b\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3001\u8981\u7d04\u3092\u3057\u3066\u307f\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n

Collective rights ‘offer hope for global fisheries’<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/science-environment-24209950<\/a><\/p>\n

\u30a2\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306e\u30a2\u30fc\u30ca\u30bd\u30f3\u6559\u6388\u306e\u898b\u89e3\u3002\uff08Prof Arnason outlined his views at the ICES science conference in Iceland.\uff09<\/p>\n

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\n\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u6d77\u57df\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6c34\u7523\u8cc7\u6e90\u306e\u6e1b\u5c11\u304c\u505c\u6b62\u3057\u305f\u3088\u3046\u3067\u3042\u308b\uff08\u30aa\u30bb\u30a2\u30cb\u30a2\u3084\u5317\u7c73\u306e\u8cc7\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u3092\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u56fd\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3092\u6307\u3059\uff09
\n\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u306e\u6700\u3082\u8cb4\u91cd\u306a\u6c34\u7523\u8cc7\u6e90\u306f\u58ca\u6ec5\u7684\u306a\u72b6\u6cc1\u3060\u304c\u3001\u826f\u3044\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30b9\u3082\u3042\u308b\u3002\u4e71\u7372\u554f\u984c\u3092\u89e3\u6c7a\u3059\u308b\u65b9\u6cd5\u304c\u3059\u3067\u306b\u767a\u898b\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3060\u3002
\n\u305d\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u3068\u306f\u3001\u500b\u4eba\u306e\u6f01\u7372\u6a29\u5229\u3092\u4fdd\u969c\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\u306e\u6f01\u696d\u7ba1\u7406\u3092\u5c0e\u5165\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u64cd\u696d\u8005\u304c\u3001\u9577\u671f\u7684\u306a\u8996\u70b9\u304b\u3089\u3001\u6f01\u696d\u306e\u6301\u7d9a\u6027\u3084\u8cc7\u6e90\u56de\u5fa9\u306b\u95a2\u5fc3\u3092\u62b1\u304f\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3060\u3002\u3002<\/p>\n

“We have a severe problem of over-exploitation of global fish stocks, with the associated damage of marine ecosystems,” he told BBC News ahead of his presentation.
\n“There is some indication that things may have stopped declining – at least in some parts of the world.
\n“However, we have essentially devastated the world’s most valuable fish stocks but the good news is that we basically know how to solve the problem.
\n“That is by installing fisheries management regimes based on individual rights to fisheries or fishing communities so that operators, on behalf of the population, will find it in their own interests to treat the fisheries carefully and sustain or even rebuild them with long-term benefits to them and others.”<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u6f01\u5834\u306b\u884c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u6355\u308c\u308b\u9b5a\u3092\u6355\u3089\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u4eba\u9593\u304c\u6f01\u7372\u3057\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u72b6\u6cc1\u3067\u306f\u3001\u4e71\u7372\u3092\u3057\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u6f01\u696d\u8005\u306f\u3001\u7d50\u679c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b\u591a\u304f\u3092\u5931\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002\u6f01\u696d\u8005\u9593\u306e\u5354\u8abf\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u3001\u4e71\u7372\u3092\u305b\u3056\u308b\u3092\u5f97\u306a\u3044\u72b6\u6cc1\u306b\u8ffd\u3044\u8fbc\u307e\u308c\u308b\u3002\u305d\u3046\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u826f\u304f\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3060\u3068\u89e3\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3002\u3053\u308c\u304c\u3001\u5171\u6709\u5730\u306e\u60b2\u5287\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n

“If you are only one of many and you cannot co-ordinate your actions with others then you are almost forced to overexploit, even if it is against your better knowledge.
\n“But if you do not go out and take what you can then others will and you will lose even more – this is the tragedy of the commons,” said Prof Arnason,<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u6a5f\u80fd\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u7d4c\u9a13\u7684\u306b\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u552f\u4e00\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u306f\u3001\u500b\u4eba\u306e\u6240\u6709\u6a29\u3092\u8a8d\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

“The only system that empirically has been found to function have been based on private property rights,” he recalled.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306b\u884c\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u306f\u3001\u6f01\u5834\u306e\u5229\u7528\u6a29\u3092\u6f01\u696d\u8005\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u306b\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u5730\u57df\u6f01\u696d\u6a29\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u3046\u3044\u3046\u65b9\u6cd5\u306f\u8c9d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5b9a\u4f4f\u6027\u306e\u8cc7\u6e90\u3092\u7ba1\u7406\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306b\u6709\u52b9\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

“In fisheries, this is usually done by saying that an area of the ocean belongs to a group – this is called territorial rights. It works pretty well if you have sedentary species, such as shellfish.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u79fb\u52d5\u6027\u306e\u8cc7\u6e90\u3067\u306f\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u306b\u6f01\u7372\u3059\u308b\u6a29\u5229\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u306e\u304c\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u6f01\u7372\u67a0\u3092\u5b9a\u3081\u305f\u4e0a\u3067\u3001\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u305d\u306e\uff11\uff05\u3068\u8a00\u3063\u305f\u5177\u5408\u306b\u3001\u6c7a\u307e\u3063\u305f\u5272\u5408\u3092\u500b\u4eba\u306b\u914d\u5206\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

“When you are dealing with fish stocks that are moving about then you usually have quantitative catch rights. So out of the total allowable catch for that particular stock, you would get a fixed [allocation], for example 1%.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u305d\u3046\u3059\u308c\u3070\u4ef2\u9593\u306e\u6f01\u696d\u8005\u3068\u7af6\u4e89\u3092\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3067\u6e08\u3080\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u305d\u306e\u6a29\u5229\u304c\u9577\u671f\u7684\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u3001\u6f01\u696d\u8005\u306f\u6c34\u7523\u8cc7\u6e90\u306e\u6301\u7d9a\u6027\u306b\u95a2\u5fc3\u3092\u6255\u3046\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6c34\u7523\u8cc7\u6e90\/\u751f\u614b\u7cfb\u304c\u826f\u3044\u72b6\u614b\u306b\u4fdd\u305f\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u306b\u914d\u5206\u3055\u308c\u308b\u6f01\u7372\u67a0\u304c\u5897\u3048\u308b\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

“You then do not have to race or compete against your fellow fishermen. If this right is a long-term right, you also have a greater interest in the welfare of the fish stock and ecosystem because the amount you are allowed to catch increases as the state of the fish stocks\/ecosystem improves.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u4f1a\u793e\u306e\u682a\u4e3b\u304c\u3001\u4f1a\u793e\u306e\u6210\u529f\u3092\u671b\u3080\u3088\u3046\u306a\u611f\u3058\u306b\u306a\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

“So you become a little bit like a shareholder in a company, you want the company to succeed.”<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u3053\u3046\u3044\u3063\u305f\u7ba1\u7406\u3092\u884c\u3046\u306b\u306f\u3001\u5f37\u5236\u529b\u3068\u76e3\u8996\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u8cbb\u7528\u306f\u5148\u9032\u56fd\u3067\u306f\u5927\u3057\u305f\u8ca0\u62c5\u306b\u306f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\uff08\u6c34\u63da\u3052\u91d1\u984d\u306e\uff13\uff05\u3050\u3089\u3044\u3067\u3059\uff09\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u4f55\u5343\u3082\u306e\u5c0f\u898f\u6a21\u3067\u30ed\u30fc\u30c6\u30af\u306a\u6f01\u8239\u304c\u3072\u3057\u3081\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u9014\u4e0a\u56fd\u3067\u306f\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u30b3\u30b9\u30c8\u304c\u554f\u984c\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

But he explained that these measures have to be enforced and monitored.
\nWhile, he argued, this was not prohibitively expensive in fleets of industrialised nations (about 3% of the value of the landed catch), it became problematic in many developing nations, where fisheries were made up from thousands of small-scale low-tech fishing vessels.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

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\n\u305d\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306b\u306f\u3001\u3059\u3067\u306b\u6e1b\u5c11\u3057\u305f\u8cc7\u6e90\u3092\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u56de\u5fa9\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u96e3\u3057\u3044\u554f\u984c\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002
\n\u4e16\u754c\u306e\u6f01\u696d\u306f\u3053\u3061\u3089\u306e\u65b9\u5411\u306b\u5411\u304b\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u79c1\u306f\u305d\u306e\u672a\u6765\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u697d\u89b3\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u7dcf\u8a55<\/h2>\n

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\"\u30ad\u30e3\u30d7\u30c1\u30e3\"<\/a><\/p>\n

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